Encephalopathy, Autoimmune/Paraneoplastic Evaluation, Spinal Fluid
Use
This test evaluates new onset of encephalopathy with a noninfectious or metabolic basis, capturing a range of symptoms such as confusional states, psychosis, seizures, and more. It can suggest autoimmune conditions, especially when accompanied by inflammation markers in cerebrospinal fluid, a history of cancer, or autoimmune stigmata. The test aims to improve diagnosis accuracy, particularly distinguishing reversible autoimmune encephalopathies from similar neurodegenerative conditions. It also guides possible cancer searches associated with autoimmune profiles.
Special Instructions
Not provided.
Limitations
The test is specifically designed for CSF samples, with serum testing advised only when CSF is negative or for particular antibodies like LGI1 that are more detectable in serum. Misdiagnoses as neurodegenerative conditions may occur if autoimmune encephalopathy is not considered, as well as potential false negatives if only plasma samples or insufficient phenotypic data are considered. This evaluation must be interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings and other diagnostic tests.
New York Approved
Methodology
Immunoassay (Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA))
Biomarkers
Result Turnaround Time
10-14 days
Related Documents
For more information, please review the documents below
Specimen
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Volume
4 mL
Minimum Volume
2 mL
Container
Sterile vial
Collection Instructions
Preferred collection is in vial number 1; however, any vial is acceptable.
Causes for Rejection
Gross hemolysis, gross lipemia, gross icterus
Stability Requirements
| Temperature | Period |
|---|---|
| Room Temperature | 72 hours |
| Refrigerated | 28 days |
| Frozen | 28 days |