Measles Virus, Molecular Detection, PCR, Throat
Use
This test is useful for identifying measles virus infection using throat swab specimens. The test excels in sensitivity and specificity, especially when specimens are collected shortly after the onset of rash, compared to serologic testing. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique enhances viral detection, making it highly effective for confirming measles infection, which is critical given the virus's highly contagious nature and the serious respiratory illness it causes. It's part of routine diagnostics in suspected measles cases, especially with symptoms like cough, fever, conjunctivitis, and rash.
Special Instructions
The reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction is the method of choice for individuals with suspected measles infection, particularly advised along with IgM antibody testing to confirm the diagnosis. For optimal sensitivity during days 6-14 of rash onset, it is recommended to pair this test with a concurrent random urine PCR test.
Limitations
A negative RT-PCR test does not completely rule out measles virus infection. False negatives may occur due to improper specimen handling, collection or viral variants. Results should be correlated with clinical findings and other serological tests for an accurate diagnosis. Despite the test's high sensitivity and specificity, improper sample collection and handling could affect outcomes, potentially leading to diagnostic confusion.
New York Approved
Methodology
PCR-based (RT-PCR)
Biomarkers
LOINC Codes
- 91077-8
- 91077-8
Result Turnaround Time
1-3 days
Related Documents
For more information, please review the documents below
Specimen
Other
Volume
Entire collection
Minimum Volume
0.3 mL
Container
Sterile container with transport media
Collection Instructions
Apply swab tip back and forth firmly over mucosal surface of pharynx to maximize recovery of cells. Place swab in viral transport media and refrigerate for transport to the testing laboratory.
Storage Instructions
Specimens should be transported as soon as possible. Refrigerated preferred for 7 days, or frozen for 7 days.
Causes for Rejection
E-swab, calcium alginate-tipped swab, wood swab, dry swab, or transport swab containing gel or charcoal additive
Stability Requirements
| Temperature | Period |
|---|---|
| Refrigerated | 7 days |
| Frozen | 7 days |