Use

Antineuronal nuclear autoantibody type 2 (ANNA-2), also known as anti-Ri, is an IgG serologic marker of paraneoplastic neurologic autoimmunity and reflects an immune response to neuronal antigens expressed in certain breast, lung, or gynecologic cancers. These carcinomas are often occult, with patients presenting with unexplained signs of neurologic dysfunction. Patients who are seropositive for ANNA-2 usually present to a neurologist with signs of midbrain, brain stem, cerebellar, or spinal cord dysfunction. Some have sensorimotor neuropathy. Ocular opsoclonus-myoclonus, laryngospasm, or jaw-opening dystonia may be prominent. Peripheral neuropathic sign and symptoms may occur. These often reflect coexisting autoimmunity to other onconeural proteins. ANNA-2-positive patients are female in 64% of cases. Most have a primary carcinoma of breast or lung; gynecologic cancer is less frequent.