Special Instructions

Not provided.

Limitations

Opioids is a general term applied to all substances with morphine-like properties and describes naturally-occurring or semisynthetic analgesic alkaloids derived from opium. Some important semisynthetic derivatives of morphine include heroin and its metabolite, 6-acetylmorphine; oxycodone; codeine; hydrocodone; oxymorphone; dihydrocodeine; and hydromorphone. Opiates are used clinically because of their analgesic properties, also causing sedation, euphoria, respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, diminished intestinal motility, nausea, and vomiting. Because of these properties, opioids have a high abuse potential, whereby chronic use leads to tolerance and dependence. Clinical monitoring of compliance is effected through measurement of these analytes.

Biomarkers

LOINC Codes

Result Turnaround Time

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