Use

The primary hyperoxalurias (PH) are a group of inherited disorders caused by defects in glyoxylate metabolism, with a combined incidence of about 1:60,000. Three forms (PH1, PH2, PH3) follow autosomal recessive inheritance and lead to elevated oxalate, recurrent calcium oxalate renal stones, nephrocalcinosis, and eventual end‑stage renal disease. Age of onset ranges from infancy to adulthood, with some asymptomatic until later decades.