Use

HIV‑1 genotype testing is used to detect drug resistance-associated mutations in relevant viral genes (reverse transcriptase and protease) to guide antiretroviral (ARV) regimen selection. It is recommended at entry into care, in pregnant individuals before therapy initiation, in those with treatment failure, or when integrase inhibitor resistance is suspected, and should be performed while on therapy or within 4 weeks of discontinuation. Mutations listed in the IAS‑USA drug resistance list (2022 or newer) are reported, including those for NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs. Quest uses reverse transcription, PCR amplification (RT and protease genes), and Sanger sequencing, incorporating internal rules-based interpretation informed by Stanford HIVdb.